Transformation of sentences ( Simple , Compound and Complex )

Transformation of sentences

Simple sentence – has one subject and one predicate

Examples

1. The sky is blue.

2. The cow eats grass.

3. The college will reopen on Monday.

Compound sentence – is made up of two or more principle/main/independent clauses which are joined  with help of a coordinating conjunction.

Each part has its own subject and predicate.

Examples 

1. Ram went to the station and boarded the Mumbai train.

2. The moon was bright and we could see our way.

3. He wanted to talk to her but she refused.

Complex sentence – consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate/dependent clause which are joined with the help of subordinating conjunction.

Each part has it’s own subject and predicate.

Examples 

1. They rested when evening came.

2. I went because I was invited.

3. This is the house that jack built.

Ways to change compound/complex to Simple ( Notice the ways how the sentences are changed )

1. He climbed up the tree and plucked some mangoes.

Ans. Climbing up the tree , he plucked some mangoes.

2. He was tired and fell asleep.

Ans. Being tired , he fell asleep.

3. He was ill , but he attended the classes.

Ans. In spite of his illness he attended the classes.

4. She is not only pretty but also clever.

Ans. Besides being pretty , she is clever.

5. He is very learned yet very humble.

Ans. Notwithstanding his great learning , he is humble.

6. He was ill ,therefore he could not continue his studies.

Ans. Owing to his ill health , he could not continue his studies.

7. He got up and walked away.

Ans. Getting up , he walked away.

8. He ran away and escaped arrest.

Ans. He ran away in order to escape arrest.

9. He liked what i suggested.

Ans. He liked my suggestion.

10. I don’t know when he will arrive.

Ans. I don’t know his time of arrival.

11. Find out where he lives.

Ans. Find out his residence.

12. He follows the example which was set by his father.

Ans. He follows his father’s example.

13. My cousin, who is a journalist , wrote this article.

Ans. My cousin, a journalist, wrote this article. ( Apposition...check page 139 of your textbook )

14. He admitted that he was guilty.

Ans. He admitted his guilt.

15. When the war ended , the United nations was formed.

Ans. At the end of the war the United nation was formed.

16. He was so weak that he could not walk.

Ans. He was too weak to walk.

17. I was surprised when i saw his obstinacy.

Ans. I was surprised to see his obstinacy.

List of coordinating conjunctions

( to be used only while making compound sentences )

And , but , not only...but also , or , For , else , either...or , neither...nor ,yet , Still ,so, etc.

List of subordinating conjunctions 

( to be used only while making complex sentences )

After , because , if , that , though , although,  till , unless , as, when , whereas ,whether , before, where , while , which , that , until , , since , in case,even if ,as soon as, etc.

Few examples to understand even better...

1. I walked straight to the village and bought myself two dozen penny exercise books. ( Make it simple )

Ans. Walking straight away to the village , i bought myself two dozen penny exercise books.

2. As this material hardens ,it becomes sedimentary rock. ( Make it a compound sentence )

Ans. This material hardens and becomes a sedimentary rock.

3. They live in different time zones.

( Make it a complex sentence )

Ans. They live in time zones which are different.

4. He opened the shop's weathered door and went inside. ( Make it a simple sentence )

Ans. Opening the shop’s weathered door , he went inside.

5. The earth would be too hot to be habitable. ( remove “too” and rewrite the sentence...from simple to complex )

Ans. The earth would be so hot that it would not be habitable.

Let's practise ( you can type your answers in comment section )

1. The kids had a wonderful picnic.

( change it into compound and also in complex sentence )

2. She completed her work and went to the park. ( make it a simple sentence)

3. My father ditched this bog all his days and never made a pasture. ( make it a complex sentence)

4. I tramped back to the farm and picked the bundle from the ash can.( Make it a complex sentence)

5. Complete your homework or you will not go to play. ( make it a simple and a Complex sentence)

Tenses and Voice ( grammar )

Tenses and Active/Passive Voice

(Assertive Sentence)

1. Present Tense

i. Simple Present Tense

Active Voice -  ( V1 and with third person singular s/es in verb's 1st form )

1.She eats an apple a day.

2. She completes her homework on time everyday.

Passive Voice - (is/are+V3)

1.An apple a day is eaten by her.

2. Her homework everyday is completed by her on time.

ii. Present Continuous Tense (am/is/are+Ving)

Active Voice - 

1.She is eating apples.

2. We are completing our homework.

Passive Voice: (is/are+being+V3)

1. Apples are being eaten by her.

2. Our homework is being completed by us.

iii. Present Perfect Tense

Active Voice - (has/have+V3)

1.She has eaten 10 apples.

2. They have completed their homework.

Passive Voice - (has/have+been+V3)

1.10 apples have been eaten by her.

2.Their homework has been completed by them.

iv. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Voice - (has/have+been+Ving)

1.She has been eating apples.

2. You have been completing your homework since yesterday.

Passive Voice -

generally passive voice of present perfect continuous is not made.

2. Past Tense

i. Simple Past Tense

Active Voice -  ( V2 )

1.She ate an apple yesterday.

2. She completed her homework.

Passive Voice - (was/were+V3)

1.An apple was eaten by her yesterday.

2. Her homework was completed by her.

ii. Past Continuous Tense

Active Voice - (was/were+Ving)

1.She was eating apples.

2. We were completing our homework.

Passive Voice: (was/were+being+V3)

1. Apples were being eaten by her.

2. Our homework was being completed by us.

iii. Past Perfect Tense

Active Voice - (had+V3)

1.She had eaten 10 apples.

2. They had completed their homework.

Passive Voice - (had+been+V3)

1.10 apples had been eaten by her.

2.Their homework had been completed by them.

iv. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Voice - (had been+Ving)

1.She had been eating apples.

2. You had been completing your homework since yesterday.

Passive Voice -

generally passive voice of past perfect continuous is not made.

3. Future Tense 

i. Simple Future Tense

Active Voice -  ( will+V1) )

1.She will eat an apple.

2. She will complete her homework.

Passive Voice - (will+be+V3)

1.An apple will be eaten by her.

2. Her homework will be completed by her.

ii. Future Continuous Tense

Active Voice - (will be+Ving)

1.She will be eating apples.

2. We will be completing our homework.

Passive Voice: (will be+being+V3)

Generally passive voice of future Continuous tense is not made.

iii. Future Perfect Tense

Active Voice - (will have +V3)

1.She will have eaten 10 apples.

2. They will have  completed their homework.

Passive Voice - (will have+been+V3)

1.10 apples will have been eaten by her.

2.Their homework will have been completed by them.

iv. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Voice - (will have been+Ving)

1.She will have been eating apples.

2. You will have been completing your homework.

Passive Voice -

generally passive voice of future perfect continuous tense is not made.

Interrogative Sentence

1. 

Active Voice

1. Will you eat this apple ?

2. Can you sing that song ?

3.Who is completing the homework ?

4. Why have you written this letter ?

5. Should you sing more songs ?

Ans. 

1. Will this apple be eaten by you ?

2. Can that song be sung by you ?

3. By whom the homework is being completed ?

4. Why has this letter been written by you ?

5. Should more songs be sung by you ?

Imperative Sentence

Active Voice

1. Close the door.
2. Turn on the lights.
3. Write your name.
4. Feed the dog.
5. Clean the room.

Passive Voice Imperative Sentences

1. Let the door be closed.
2. The lights should be turned on.
3. Your name must be written.
4. The dog needs to be fed.
5. The room should be cleaned.     ( Mostly only Let/should is used)

Modal auxiliaries..

1. I can drive that car.

Ans. That car can be driven by me.

2. This apple must be eaten by you.

Ans. You must eat this apple.

3. They would enjoy this song.

Ans. This song would be enjoyed by them.

Let's practise !!

Type your answers in comment section.

1. She was driving that car.

2. Rohan reads a lot of William Shakespeare.

3. They will buy a dog.

4. He wrote a letter to his mother.

5. Bunty has bought a bunglow in Bangalore.

6. We were drinking hot chocolate milk.

7. Did they spend a night in camp eight ?

8. Why have you taken this responsibility?

9. Stand up and go there.

10. Will Amyra come to pick you up ?

11. I found a bright red soil trail.

12. The power of his eyes was considerably enhanced by their position.

13. The shop lights lit up the place.

14. The nuts vendor blew out the flare.

15. Start the waste segregation system in your society.

16. Chaitanya could finally read the book.

17. We need to write the letter.

The Rising of the Moon notes

Note : 

1. These answers are put just to help you all ( students) to understand how to answer this section (Drama) of the question paper.

2. You all are encouraged to try writing your own answers.

Brainstorming

Page 149 and 150 pf the textbook of std XI ( Maharashtra state board)

A1. There are some dialogues which are short, but....

Ans.

1. Back to the town is it ?

2. It's a pity we can't stop with you.

3. You'd be as wise as myself.

4. Am I as a great fool as I think I am ?

5. Is he as bad as that ?

6. Do you tell me so ?

7. But you wouldn't want to share the reward ?

8. You won't betray me....the friend of Granuaile.

( Find more such sentences from the lesson)

A2. Theme

i. Comment on the given statement...

a. And if we get him itself.....

Ans. We do not think about society at large when it comes to discharging our duties honestly. No matter how difficult the task be and whether appreciation comes our way or not , we still and must continue to fulfill our duties and not be affected by what people think and say. It may happen at times that we might see our own family and friends stand against us but we still got to perform our duties knowing when they come across our right intentions, they would again stand by our side. 

( Note : There can be many such interpretations drawn for questions like these )

b. It is a pity some honest.....

Ans. It's a pity some honest man not to be better of that for an honest man who works really hard and if given a small amount for all his hard work would end up getting lured and attracted towards the rewards. The sergeant is justifying his willingness to get the reward for he calls himself honest and feels sad that he doesn't get paid as handsomely as he must get.

c. I wouldn't be in your shoes....

Ans. People generally fall victim to incentives but some people really stick to their values no matter what. They always remain honest and committed towards their work and cause and no amount of bribe and sweet talks can melt their hearts to become dishonest and betray their own self and the people who trust them. Here the man indirectly tries to convince Sergeant that for some meager reward he must not shift his loyalty toward the British

d. But when I saw a man in...

Ans. It's human to help others. Here the statement tells us that we all must help our fellow humans too who are in need instead of just being indifferent or wanting to help only when we get something in return. The man says this sentence when the Sergeant , though reluctant to share his reward with the man, asks him if he is keeping a good lookout to which the man replies that he is mad that he is a foolish man to keep a good watch with no rewards coming his way but adds that he can't see anyone in trouble and hence he is there to help Sergeant too.

ii. The priorities of the Sergeant...

Ans. 

Priorities of Sergeant in the beginning

1. Law and duty

2. Reward and promotion

3. Honesty and loyalty towards his job

Priorities of Sergeant at the end of the play.

1. Patriotism

2. Freedom for his nation

3. Bravely helping a revolutionary and is ready to bear the consequences

iii. Find sentences from the play...

a. Loyalty in Irish Nationalism :

Ans.

1. Maybe Sergeant you will be on the side of the country yet.

2. I am a friend of Granuaile.

3. You won't betray me...a friend of Granuaile.

4. If other boys would have told you some plan....

b. Tension between different loyalties.

Ans.

1. It's a little we get but abuse from the people...

2. Maybe Sergeant it comes in your head....

3. But to think of a person like you....

4. Maybe it's one of the boys you used to be singing with....

A5. The description of the character is given below....

a. He is brave but irresponsible person.

Ans. The character is the Sergeant.

1. He is brave : I don't want it. Bring it with you.

He is irresponsible : Sergeant (after a pause)- no one.

Policeman B : Will we put up a notice here on the barrel ? ( No answer )

b. He is a major character. He dominates the story.

Ans. The character is the Sergeant.

1. Well , hurry on , you have plenty of other places....

2. Stop that noise.

3. Come back from those steps....

4. It's no business of yours what I think.

5. Be off the two of you , yourselves and your lantern.

iii. He is smart as well as brave 

Ans. The character is the man/the ballad singer/the escaped prisoner/the revolutionary

1. If I tell you who I am, you would be as wise.....

2. There isn't man in Ireland who would have broken gaol....

3. Will you let me pass or must I make you....

4. I am. There is a hundred pounds on my head.

iv. He is the centre of the play.

Ans. The character is the man/the ballad singer/the escaped

1. You needn't ask me who I am ; that placard....

2. I am. There is a hundred....

v. He is obedient and simple.

Ans.The character is policemen B.

1. Would the barrel be a good place to put the placard?

2. Be off the two.....( They go out )

2. Did anyone come this way ?

3. No one at all ?

4.  We have no orders from....

Extra Questions based on Elements of Drama ( more will be added )

Activities based on " The Rising of the Moon"

i. Charactersketch

A. The man (in disguise)

Ans.The man in disguise/escaped rebel in "The Rising of the Moon" introduces himself to Sergeant as Jimmy Walsh - a poor singer who makes a living by selling Ballads.

In reality,  he is a freedom fighter fighting to free his country from the clutches of British rule. Through the stories about him , it is revealed that he is very brave ( There isn't a man in Ireland...) , smart ( And maybe you're watchin...." , dangerous and intelligent as he very easily fools the Sergeant. In the end he surprises the audience by not using his combat skills to deal with the Sergeant.

B. Sergeant

Ans. The Sergeant in "The Rising of the Moon" is a major and complex character. He dominates the story and is a loyal and dutiful  British officer who is an ordinary man looking forward to his promotion but surprises the audience with his bravery and patriotism when he decides to let the man in disguise escape at the cost of a great sacrifice on his part. He is a true patriot who is torn between his duty and loyalty towards foreign rule and his love for the nation and in the end he chooses his nation proving how bold he was.

ii. Explain the dialogue "Well. I will go. It's the poor...."

Ans. The man in the one act play " The Rising of the Moon" is quite intelligent, persuasive and determined. This dialogue is uttered by the man when the sergeant fails his repeated attempts to go towards the stairs. He does not give up and uses various tactics to influence and convince the sergeant. As he tries to sneak past the Sergeant, the Sergeant stops him and in order to gain the sympathy of the Sergeant, he states how hard it is to be poor and how society treats poor and how the Sergeant stopped him only because he is a poor ballad singer. But to his utter dismay, the Sergeant remains unfazed and strictly asks the man to leave.

iii. The Sergeant refers himself as a fool...give reasons.

Ans. After letting the man in disguise escape who the Sergeant could have easily caught and then got promoted , the Sergeant calls himself a fool knowing he could have got a huge reward for arresting the man in disguise/escaped prisoner. But this dialogue has more depth to it as the Sergeant involves the readers and asks them if they really think he was a fool which the readers definitely know that he wasn't. The readers applaud the brave move of the Sergeant as he chooses to help his nation over his duty towards a foreign rule.

iv. Justify that the title " The Rising of the Moon" has a symbolic meaning.

Ans. Lady Gregory's "The Rising of the Moon" takes it's title from a popular Irish rebel song of the same name. The song was a call to the Irish people to rise up against oppression. Hence the song compares the rising of the people to the rising of the moon. It denotes how light ( freedom for Irish People)  will shine upon and darkness ( Oppression will end ) will go away. By giving this name to her play , Lady Gregory hopes for the freedom of Ireland from British rule.

v. The theme of the play in brief.

Ans. The theme of the play " The Rising of the Moon" is patriotism and unity among the people of Ireland to free their nation from the clutches of the British. The play , through folk songs and culture , specially focuses on this unity which might not be seen in words but lies deep down in the hearts of people of Ireland. The play beautifully explores this themse of united hearts of Ireland when the Sergeant lets go of his sense of duty and doesn't catch the escaped prisoner/the man/revolutionary.

vi. With respect to the setting of the play , interpret the dialogue "....when the small rise up and the big falls down..."

Ans. While reading the play , we understand that the British is in power and the Irish people are struggling to free from the oppression of the rulers and are at loggerheads with the power. When the Man sees Sergeant helped him escape , he utters this dialogue that when the small that is people of Ireland will rise in future and the big that is the British rule will fall , he would repay the favour of the Sergeant. He is grateful to the Sergeant and indirectly tells him that Ireland will soon be a free nation. The setting of the moon rising amidst complete darkness also signifies how the Moon with its light ( people of Ireland) would drive away the darkness ( the British rule ).

( answer can be written along this line.)

vii. The man brings about a change in the heart of the Sergeant.

Ans. The Sergeant, in the beginning, being a dutiful police is determined to catch the escaped prisoner/the man. But as the story moves forward, the man in disguise of a ballad singer tries to check whether the Sergeant is still on the side of people of Ireland. He starts singing patriotic songs to awaken feeling of patriotism in the heart of the Sergeant. Though the Sergeant warns him to not do so , the man continues to sing and deliberately sings one line wrong but the Sergeant , and surprisingly , corrects him immediately convincing the man that the Sergeant still has strong feeling of love for his mother motherland. He tries to remind Sergeant of his younger days when he would sing with his friends all those patriotic songs and how it would have been him who would have become an Irish revolutionary. Slowly the Sergeant is taken over by the strong urge to free his nation and this is where the change of heart happens for the Sergeant and he chooses his country over his duty.

More questions for practise...

1. The audience is pleasantly surprised to see actions of the Sergeant in the end.

2. Explain how the Sergeant and the man are on the same page. 

3. " I am a poor ballad singer , your honour." State who said this dialogue to whom and explain its significance.

Degrees of Comparison ( Positive, Comparative and Superlative)

Further explanation and few more examples...

Degrees of comparison

Three forms of comparison

Positive , comparative and Superlative

Degrees of comparison refer only to adjectives or adverbs that describe one or more nouns.

1. Ram is a smart boy.

2. Rohan is smarter than Ram.

3. Rachel is the smartest student in the class.

In sentence 1 , adjective smart describes Ram without mentioning the extent of his smartness.

Sentence 2 indicates that Rohan's smartness is more than that of Ram.

Sentence 3 indicates that no student in the class is as smart as Rachel.

Positive degree - describing word in their basic form.

These apples are tasty.

She is a beautiful girl.

Comparative - describing words with qualities exceeding those in positive degree.

These apples are tastier than the mangoes.

She is more beautiful than her friend.

Note : positive and comparative degrees are interchangeable.

Eg. The mangoes are not as tasty as these apples.

Superlative : describing words with qualities of highest order.

Used to compare more than two sets of objects.

Eg.

The apples are the tastiest of all the fruits.

She is the most beautiful girl among all.

More examples...

1.Emelda is one of the brightest students in her class.

C : Emelda is brighter than most/many other students in her class.

P. Very few students in Emelda's class are as bright as her.

2. The pen is the mightiest of all weapons.

C. The pen is mightier than all other weapons.

P. No other weapon is as mighty as the pen.

3. Asia is the largest continent on planet earth.

C. Asia is larger than any other continent on planet earth.

P. No other continent on planet earth is as large as Asia.

4. Integration is the toughest topic in mathematics.

C. Integration is tougher than any other topic in mathematics.

P. No other topic is mathematics is as tough as integration.

5. Ferrari is one of the fastest cars.

C. Ferrari is faster than many other cars.

P. Very few cars are as fast as Ferrari.

Questions for practise

1. Pyrosilk is the most genuine garment supplier.

2. Milk is one of the healthiest drink.

3. It is cheaper to rent a home than to buy one.

4. Blood is thicker than water.

5. Samrat Ashok was braver than most of the kings of his time.

6. Honest is the best policy.

7. He is not as strong as his sister.

8. I have not met a kid as happy as Rahyl.

9. No riddle is as tough as life.

10. The local train is one of the quickest modes of transport in Mumbai.

Review/Blog/Appeal

Note : These are just samples to help students understand the format of writing skills well. Students are encouraged to practise all writing skills keeping in mind the format given.

1. Review...it can be a review of film/book/magazine/documentary, etc.

( Review is in option with blog writing and appeal )

Film review (points may vary slightly)

1. Name of the movie/year of release

2. Producer/director

3. Cast

4. Technical aspects : music/photography

5. Theme/storyline in brief

6. Special features

7. Your opinion/recommendation

Film review -04 marks 

Bifurcation of marks 👇

1. Presentation of theme/storyline - 02 marks 

2. Technical aspects ( Novel aspects) - 01

3. Presentation - 01 mark

Sample👇

Or

Book Review - 04 marks 

Review ( Book )...points given may vary.

A. Title of the book

B. Subject/story/information 

C. Language/style/presentation

D. Message

Sample👇

2. Blog writing

Blog writing

A. Title( that is informative and catchy)

B. Introductory paragraph 

C. Lead

D. Concluding paragraph 

E. Add your personal experience if any ( related to the topic )

F. Keep paragraphs short and keep the sentences simple and short.

G. Write it in a box and follow a suitable design. Header , navigation bar , footer etc. to be put/drawn too. It is compulsory to draw the outline.

Blog - 04 marks

Bifurcation of marks👇

Content- 02

Header/menu/navigation bar - 01 mark

Footer - 01 mark

3. Appeal

A. Use/write catchy punchlines/short phrases , rhyming lines , etc.

B. Draw few objects related to the topic if possible ( with pencil ONLY WHEN question paper instructions allow use of pencil..or else draw with pen only.)

C. Write "Date , Time , Venue/website name for registration/contact details , etc.)

Appeal - 04 marks

Bifurcation of marks 👇

Presentation of content - 02 

Convincing language - 01

Inspiring and motivational message - 01

Speech/Compering/Expansion of ideas

Note : These are just samples to help students understand the format of writing skills well. Students are encouraged to practise all writing skills keeping in mind the format given.

Q.4.C.

1. Speech writing ( Speech is in option with Compering and Expansion of ideas )

A. Title

B. Introductory paragraph ( greetings and revealing the topic )

C. Main body ( generally 2 to 3 paragraph that include problems/reasons/effects/suggestions, etc.)

D. Concluding paragraph ( Thanking the audience )

E. In 100 to 120/150 words ONLY

Speech writing - 04 marks

Bifurcation 

Logical sequence of ideas - 02 marks

Introduction- 01 mark

Conclusion - 1 mark

Sample 👇

2. Compering ( Anchoring)

( if points are given in the question , use those points and develop your script for compering. Also, compering is preparing a script for some program mentioned in the question )

A.Greetings and welcome

B.Lighting of the lamp

C. Anchoring about the event ( one item after the other )

D. Closing address

E. Vote of thanks

Compering

Bifurcation of marks - 04

Connecting events -02

Impressive introduction -01

Summing up -01

Sample 👇

3. Expansion of ideas

A. Title 

B. First paragraph ( Introduction- impressive beginning )

C. Middle ( evaluate and elaborate the idea )

D. Conclusion ( end with a proverb or quote if possible...talk about relevance of the quote/saying)

E. Always stick to the topic sentence and keep your ideas floating around it only.

Expansion of ideas

Bifurcation of marks - 04 marks

Expansion of the idea - 02

Proper introduction - 01

Conclusion - 01

Email/Report Writing/Framing Interview questions

Note : These are just samples to help students understand the format of writing skills well. Students are encouraged to practise all writing skills keeping in mind the format given.

1. Email writing 

( Email is in option with Report writing and Framing Interview questions )

A. Template ( a design to be followed )

B. Salutation 

C. First paragraph ( Why writing the mail ? Reason ? )

D. Second paragraph ( explain in detail the reason of writing )

E. Third paragraph - Request/suggest/advise ( keeping in mind the question asked and write accordingly )

F. Fourth paragraph - conclude by saying thank you.

G. Sign off ( Yours faithfully/sincerely , name/email id , etc.)

Email Writing - 04 marks

Bifurcation 

Content- 02 marks

Use of proper format -01 mark

Overall presentation - 01 mark

Sample 👇

2. Report writing - 04 marks

Report writing (written after witnessing something/visiting some place/after some program , etc.)

Points to remember :

A. Title ( topic on which you are writing report for example "Teachers" Day celebration in...... college")

B. Date and reporter's name ( Date of such reports will always be after the event..for example teachers' day is celebrated on 5th September so the date of writing report on it will be 6th or 7th September , etc.)

C. Don't change facts , write statements of chief guest ( if needed ) in "direct speech." , write the report sequentially.

Report writing 

Bifurcation 

Content-02 marks

Accuracy of language - 01 mark

Appropriateness - 01 mark

Sample 👇

3. Framing Interview questions

Format : (Note : Table needs to be drawn.)

A. Interview with....

B. Introductory paragraph ( welcoming the guest )

C. 8 to 10 higher order ( WH type ) of questions

D. Ask relevant questions and in sequence from past to present.

E. Concluding paragraph ( thanking the guest )

Framing Interview questions - 04 marks

Bifurcation 👇

Appropriate framing of questions- 02 marks

Language and style - 01 mark

Overall impression - 01 mark

Drafting virtual message/SOP/Group Discussion

Note : These are just samples to help students understand the format of writing skills well. Students are encouraged to practise all writing skills keeping in mind the format given.

Q.4.A)1/2/3

1. Drafting a virtual message

 ( In option with Statement of purpose and group discussion)

A. Date and time 

B. Name of the person to whom the message is directed ( receiver's name)

C. Body of the message

D. Name of the sender

E. Only important details to be added and no new information should be added

F. Indirect or reported speech should be used.

G. Use polite language.

H. To be written in about 50 words only.

 Note : Sometimes it is asked for 150 words...read the question carefully and follow the instructions strictly.. )

Drafting virtual message - 04 marks

Bifurcation 👇

Content - 02 marks

Sequence/ Flow of ideas - 01 mark

Appropriateness ( language usage )- 01 mark

Sample 👇

2. Statement of purpose ( SOP )

" Statement of purpose is an application made to a university to seek admission to a particular course."

A. Should be written in around 500 words.

B. Maximum 5 short paragraphs ( begin with your introduction , personal background then speak about why you wish to join the specific course , your area of interest then write about your qualities that will be helpful and suitable for this career goal then mention your experience in the field or any internship or project and finally conclude stating how admission to the particular course/university would be beneficial to you. 

( check page 154 of std XII coursebook for more details)

Statement of purpose 

Bifurcation 👇 - 04 marks

Content - 02 marks

Sequence/ Flow of ideas - 01 mark

Appropriateness ( language usage) - 01 mark

Sample 👇

3. Group Discussion

A. Evaluator gives the topic and asks "who would like to start ?"

B. 4 to 5 participants give their thoughts on the topic given. Few speak in favour and few against.

C. Evaluator tells to sum up.

D. One participant sums up everything that was discussed.

E. Needs to be written in a dialogue form.

( check your English textbook textbook for more details on group discussion.)

Please note : Evaluator will not be mentioned if there is a type of a question on G.D. like " The captain of the team is having group discussion during break time"

Group discussion - 04 marks

Bifurcation👇

Content - 02 marks

Sequence/Flow of ideas - 01 mark

Appropriateness ( language usage) - 01 mark

Sample 👇

Summary and Mind mapping ( Q.2. B and C )

Note : These are just samples to help students understand the format of writing skills well. Students are encouraged to practise all writing skills keeping in mind the format given.

1. Summary Writing ( Compulsory question )

A. Title 

B. Only one para ( summary needs to be written only in 1 paragraph )

C. Use of linking words to connect sentences.

D. Don't add your opinions , ideas , comments

C. Needs to be written only in 100 to 120 words

Summary - 03 marks 

Bifurcation/division of marks👇

Covering all important points -

01 mark

Language and vocabulary - 01 mark

 Grammar - 01 mark

Sample👇

2. Mind mapping ( compulsory question )

A. Appropriate design - use the same design given in the question paper and only when it's not given,  draw your own design.

B. Create central/main idea (from here the mind map begins) then add sub branches.

C.Only key words or short phrases to be written and not complete sentences.

Mind mapping - 03 marks

Bifurcation 👇

Logical flow of idea , thoughts and concepts - 2 marks

Presentation - 01 mark

Sample👇